Posts | Applied Multilevel Modeling

Model Assumptions

Mon, 21 Mar 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Readings: Snijders and Bosker (2012, Ch. 10).

# References

Snijders, Tom A. B., and Roel J. Bosker. 2012. Multilevel Analysis: An Introduction to Basic and Advanced Multilevel Modeling. London: Sage.

Statistical Inference

Mon, 21 Mar 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Readings: Elff et al. (2020)

Lecture slides

Web exercise 7a

# References

Elff, Martin, Jan Paul Heisig, Merlin Schaeffer, and Susumu Shikano. 2020. “Multilevel Analysis with Few Clusters: Improving Likelihood-Based Methods to Provide Unbiased Estimates and Accurate Inference.” British Journal of Political Science 1–15. doi: 10.1017/S0007123419000097.

Random Slopes

Mon, 14 Mar 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Readings: Snijders and Bosker (2012, Ch. 5)., and Heisig and Schaeffer (2019)

Lecture slides

Web exercise 6a

The random intercept and slope model allows us to investigate cross-level interactions, that is it allows us to assess how contextual conditions shape the way micro-relationships play out.

References

Heisig, Jan Paul, and Merlin Schaeffer. 2019. “Why You Should Always Include a Random Slope for the Lower-Level Variable Involved in a Cross-Level Interaction.” European Sociological Review 35(2):258–79. doi: 10.1093/esr/jcy053.

Snijders, Tom A. B., and Roel J. Bosker. 2012. Multilevel Analysis: An Introduction to Basic and Advanced Multilevel Modeling. London: Sage.

RS Replication

Mon, 14 Mar 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Readings: Green et al. (2020).

Lecture slides

Web exercise 6b

Source: Green et al. (2020)., page 641.

Everyday contact experiences with persons of immigrant origin have the potential to reduce perceptions of symbolic and realistic threat posed by immigration. But we have also learned from (pettigrewIntergroupContactTheory1998?) that certain social conditions foster these effects, among them institutional support. Are more liberal integration policies such institutional support? That is, do liberal integration policies promote the degree to which contact experiences alleviate perceptions of symbolic and realistic threat? In this session, we will use our newly-acquired skills on how to run and interpret random intercept and slope models that include cross-level interactions to replicate the recent study of (greenWhenIntegrationPolicies2020?).

References

Green, Eva G. T., Emilio Paolo Visintin, Oriane Sarrasin, and Miles Hewstone. 2020. “When Integration Policies Shape the Impact of Intergroup Contact on Threat Perceptions: A Multilevel Study Across 20 European Countries.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 46(3):631–48. doi: 10.1080/1369183X.2018.1550159.

5a RI Replication 2

Mon, 07 Mar 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Reading: Hiers, Soehl, and Wimmer (2017).

Additional skim reading: Soehl and Karim (2021).

Lecture slides

Web exercise 5a

Source: Military History Denmark

Are there historical reasons why xenophobia is more pronounced in some countries than in others? In this session, we will use our newly-acquired skills on how to run and interpret random intercept models to replicate the recent study of Hiers, Soehl, and Wimmer (2017). We will also take a glimpse at the more recent update to thjis line of research by Soehl and Karim (2021).

References

Hiers, Wesley, Thomas Soehl, and Andreas Wimmer. 2017. “National Trauma and the Fear of Foreigners: How Past Geopolitical Threat Heightens Anti-Immigration Sentiment Today.” Social Forces 96(1):361–88. doi: 10.1093/sf/sox045.

Soehl, Thomas, and Sakeef M. Karim. 2021. “How Legacies of Geopolitical Trauma Shape Popular Nationalism Today.” American Sociological Review 86(3):406–29. doi: 10.1177/00031224211011981.

4a RI Replication 1

Mon, 28 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Readings: Schlueter, Masso, and Davidov (2019).

Lecture slides

Web exercise 4a

Source: Schlueter, Masso, and Davidov (2019).

Why is anti-Muslim prejudice more pronounced in some countries than in others? In this session, we will use our newly-acquired skills on how to run and interpret random intercept models to replicate the recent study of Schlueter, Masso, and Davidov (2019).

References

Schlueter, Elmar, Anu Masso, and Eldad Davidov. 2019. “What Factors Explain Anti-Muslim Prejudice? An Assessment of the Effects of Muslim Population Size, Institutional Characteristics and Immigration-Related Media Claims.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 0(0):1–16. doi: 10.1080/1369183X.2018.1550160.

3a Clustered Data

Mon, 21 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Readings: Snijders and Bosker (2012, Ch. 2 & 3.1.-3.4).

Lecture slides

Web exercise 3a

Clustered data violate an important assumption of OLS regression: To the degree that observations in a cluster share similarities, their residuals are correlated. As a result OLS statistical inference can be overoptimistic, so that we falsely report results that are simple chance-findings.

References

Snijders, Tom A. B., and Roel J. Bosker. 2012. Multilevel Analysis: An Introduction to Basic and Advanced Multilevel Modeling. London: Sage.

3b Random Intercepts

Mon, 21 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Readings: Snijders and Bosker (2012, Ch. 4).

Lecture slides

Web exercise 3b

The random intercept model is the most basic type of multilevel model. Understanding it properly is therefore very important. But once you’ve understood it’s basic logic, you will easily be able to grasp more complex types of multilevel models. Moreover, many applications of multilevel modeling still use “simple” random intercept models.

References

Snijders, Tom A. B., and Roel J. Bosker. 2012. Multilevel Analysis: An Introduction to Basic and Advanced Multilevel Modeling. London: Sage.

2a Explaining Racist and Xenophobic Attitudes

Mon, 14 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Readings: Dinesen and Hjorth (2020) and Pettigrew (1998)

Lecture slides

In this second session, we will discuss theories that seek to explain why people hold racist and xenophobic prejudices. We will also try to operationalize central claims of these theories using the questions asked in the European Social Survey 2014. The photo below shows a racially-integrated unit in the Korean War. A long-standing question in the social sciences is whether such contact experiences lessen prejudices or may rather increase them.s

References

Dinesen, Peter Thisted, and Frederick Hjorth. 2020. “Attitudes Toward Immigration: Theories, Settings, and Approaches.” in The Oxford Handbook of Behavioral Political Science. Oxford University Press.

Pettigrew, Thomas F. 1998. “Intergroup Contact Theory.” Annual Review of Psychology 49(1):65–85.

2b OLS Replication

Mon, 14 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Readings: Helbling and Kriesi (2014) and Larsen and Schaeffer (2020).

Lecture slides

Web exercise 2

Source: Helbling and Kriesi (2014)

Simple OLS regressions become somehwat rare in recently-published research articles. But for the analysis of experimental studies, they are still very frequently used. In this session we read two of such recent experimental studies. These studies focus on xenophobia and healthcare chauvinism against immigrants and BPOC. They will help us to train out technical interpretation of regression tables. More interestingly, however, the study by Helbling and Kriesi (2014) was repeated in the ESS ’14. This allows us to replicate the study based on the Danish ESS ’14 data.

References

Helbling, Marc, and Hanspeter Kriesi. 2014. “Why Citizens Prefer High- Over Low-Skilled Immigrants. Labor Market Competition, Welfare State, and Deservingness.” European Sociological Review 30(5):595–614. doi: 10.1093/esr/jcu061.

Larsen, Mikkel Haderup, and Merlin Schaeffer. 2020. “Healthcare Chauvinism During the COVID-19 Pandemic.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 0(0):1–19. doi: 10.1080/1369183X.2020.1860742.

1a Intro: Racism and Xenophobia

Mon, 07 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Readings: Clair and Denis (2015) and Hervik (2015). Skim reading: Bonilla-Silva (2015), and ESS ’14 questionnaire.

Lecture slides

In this first session, we will discuss the concepts of racism and xenophobia and what kind of research of these phenomena we can conduct based on the European Social Survey 2014. The image below shows an instance of potential racial profiling, a very contentious topic in the US and Europe these days.

References

Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. 2015. “More Than Prejudice: Restatement, Reflections, and New Directions in Critical Race Theory.” Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 1(1):73–87. doi: 10.1177/2332649214557042.

Clair, Matthew, and Jeffrey S. Denis. 2015. “Racism, Sociology Of.” Pp. 857–63 in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences. Elsevier.

Hervik, Peter. 2015. “Xenophobia and Nativism.” Pp. 796–801 in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), edited by J. D. Wright. Oxford: Elsevier.

1b Linear OLS Regression

Mon, 07 Feb 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Readings: Gelman and Hill (2007), Chapter 3 and 4.

Lecture slides

Web exercise 1

Linear OLS regression is the backbone of statistical modeling and social data science. Most complex models are extensions of OLS, and thus you should know your OLS well. In this session you will get a brief recap of multiple OLS with continuous and categorical predictors.

References

Gelman, Andrew, and Jennifer Hill. 2007. Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevel/Hierarchichal Models. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.